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Eugene Sharrer
Eugene Charles Albert Sharrer was a British subject by naturalisation but of German descent, who was a leading entrepreneur in what is now Malawi for around fifteen years between his arrival in 1888 and his departure.〔W. H. J. Rangeley (1958). The Origins of the Principal Street Names of Blantyre and Limbe, The Nyasaland Journal, Vol. 11, No. 2, pp. 46-7.〕 He rapidly built-up commercial operations including wholesale and retail trading, considerable holdings of land, cotton and coffee plantations and a fleet of steamers on the Zambezi and Shire rivers. Sharrer was prominent in pressure groups that represented the interests of European planters and their businesses to the colonial authorities, and was responsible for the development of the first railway in what had become theh British Central Africa Protectorate, whose construction was agreed in 1902.〔S.Tenney and N K Humphreys, (2011). Historical Dictionary of the International Monetary Fund, Lanham (MD) Scarecrow Press p. 359. ISBN 978-0-81086-790-1〕 In 1902, Sharrer consolidate all his business interests into the British Central Africa Company Ltd and became its principal shareholder Shortly after this he left British Central Africa permanently for London, although he retained his financial interests in the territory.〔C Baker, (1993). Seeds of Trouble: Government Policy and Land Rights in Nyasaland, 1946-1964, London, British Academic Press pp. 81, 87.〕 Very little is known of his history before he arrived in Central Africa but he died in London during the First World War.〔J Telford (1987). The life story of John Telford: Footprints in the Sands of my Time, Westville (South Africa), King & Wilks, p.17.〕
==Arrival in Central Africa==
Very little is known about the early life of Eugene Sharrer, except that he was by origin a German from Hamburg and claimed to be a British subject by naturalisation.〔W. H. J. Rangeley (1958). The Origins of the Principal Street Names of Blantyre and Limbe pp. 46-7.〕 He was described as of Jewish appearance, if not of Jewish origin, by a colonial official and became an archetypal colonial outsider, financially successful but disliked by officials because of his national and ethnic origins. He arrived in what is today Malawi in 1888, before the country had become a British protectorate, with a consignment of trade goods and he initially joined forces with John Buchanan who had been trading there since 1881, but soon started trading on his own account.〔J McCraken, (2012). (A History of Malawi, 1859-1966 ) Woodbridge, James Currey pp. 50, 78. ISBN 978-1-84701-050-6〕 Sharrer was involved in the trade in ivory, until 1893 the main export product of the area, and from this trading venture there developed the wholesale and retail Kubula Stores Ltd. When the ivory trade declined as the elephants were killed off, he diversified, acquiring considerable landholdings and building up a successful transport and agricultural concern. Kubula Stores Ltd failed to compete with the rural network of "Mandala" village stores of the African Lakes Company and was sold to this rival in the 1920s.〔W. H. J. Rangeley (1958). The Origins of the Principal Street Names of Blantyre and Limbe, pp. 46-7.〕
Although a British consul was resident in Central Africa from 1883, as late as 1888 the British Foreign Office declined to accept responsibility to protect the tiny British settlements there.〔F Axelson, (1967). Portugal and the Scramble for Africa, pp. 182-3, 198-200. Johannesburg, Witwatersrand University Press.〕 Sharrer claimed to have purchased 363,034 acres in the area, and had attempted to induce chiefs to give up all their rights to their land. He may have intended to form his own Chartered company, or as Harry Johnston who was appointed as British consul in 1891 suspected, to acquire a form of sovereignty over the Shire Highlands and sell his rights either to Britain or Germany. Johnston rejected the suggestion that any treaties made before the British Central Africa Protectorate was established in 1891 could transfer sovereignty to Sharrer, but he accepted that these treaties were evidence of sales of land to him.〔J McCraken, (2012). A History of Malawi, 1859-1966, pp. 77-8.〕〔Sir Harry Johnston, (1897). British Central Africa: An Attempt to give some Account of a Portion of the Territories under British Influence North of the Zambezi, New York, Edward Arnold pp. 85, 112-13.〕
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